Improving Asian nutrition one glass of milk at a time
Asia has witnessed remarkable growth in its production and consumption of milk and dairy products in recent years, and this trend is almost certain to continue.
Indeed, the Asia-Pacific has overtaken Europe as the world’s largest milk producer, with India alone producing one in every five glasses of milk.
This increased consumption of dairy products in the Asia-Pacific is playing a vital role in improving child nutrition and boosting the livelihoods of smallholder farmers across the region, as the latter are the source of production for the vast amount of milk and dairy products that we consume.
By the end of 2015, the Asia-Pacific, as a whole, had achieved the Millennium Development Goal to reduce hunger and undernutrition by half in the past quarter-century. Clearly, the increased consumption of dairy products in the region is one factor which has contributed to the overall success in improving nutrition, particularly among children.
During a recent visit to Bangladesh I learned about a successful school milk pilot scheme implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, and how it had made a difference in the overall well-being of the children who had received 200 milliliters of milk each school day.
Other countries in our region, such as Thailand, have long-running national school milk programs which have served as useful models in other countries. China, India, Japan and Vietnam also have experience with school milk programs at various levels.
Milk is rich in minerals like calcium, magnesium and zinc, among others. The wide range of vitamins and amino acids present in milk are important building blocks for cells, bones and muscles.
So as we work toward a world of zero hunger, milk and dairy products will continue to be among the important foods to help address undernutrition. With 490 million people still undernourished in the Asia-Pacific, we must intensify our efforts and collaboration with the dairy sector for milk and dairy processes to become even more coordinated and productive.
And there is a clear business case to do so.
Between 1980 and 2013, milk production in the Asia-Pacific grew at a rate of almost 4.5 percent per annum against the global average of 1.5 percent. By 2013, milk production in the region had reached 290 million tons—38 percent of global production, or more than a third of all milk produced in the world.
In fact, dairy is among the top three commodities produced in the Asia-Pacific in terms of gross value worth more than $110 billion annually. During the next decade, it’s expected that global production of milk will increase by more than 120 million tons, and two-thirds of this increase will come from the Asia-Pacific.
The FAO is working with stakeholders in the dairy sector on a Strategic Development Framework in Asia and developing an action plan for implementation and improved collaboration among countries in the region as development of the dairy sector progresses. Value chains will need to improve, and we will also need to see improvements in productivity and competitiveness while introducing ways to reduce negative environmental impacts, because with increasing scarcity of, and competition for, natural resources, the sector must produce more efficiently and sustainably.
It is expected that the private sector will play an increasingly important role in attracting private investment. But at the same time, we must ensure that millions of smallholder farmers scattered across the region, including millions of women who contribute to this growing dairy sector, are treated fairly, and that everyone involved is properly rewarded for their efforts. Improving the ability of smallholder farmers to organize themselves and attain greater bargaining power in the marketplace must be a core element of our work as we move forward.
This week we observe World Milk Day in recognition of the importance of milk. So let’s all raise a glass of milk as a toast to the people who produce and bring us one of the world’s most healthy, nutritious, natural drinks.
Kundhavi Kadiresan is assistant director general and regional representative of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
