“The evil that men do lives after them,” Mark Antony points out in the play “Julius Caesar.”
That led Senator Joker Arroyo to strafe last week’s Supreme Court decision on a coconut levy scam that festered since 1973 as “too obscure, too late and too little.” Voting 11-0, the high court affirmed the Sandiganbayan’s 2004 decision awarding 24 percent of San Miguel Corp. to the government as trustee for plundered coconut farmers.
Ferdinand Marcos imposed Presidential Decree 276 over 39 years ago. It decreed that “coco levies” were owned by cronies “in their private capacities.” Taxes became individual loot, by the stroke of a dictator’s pen.
If PD 276 is not scrubbed as unconstitutional, “Marcos found a legal and valid way to steal,” wrote then columnist Antonio Carpio. This levy criticism led Carpio, now a high court justice, to inhibit from the new decision.
Similar decrees girded the “New Society’s” en grande looting. Marcos divvied up agriculture among his camp followers. The Floirendos got bananas and Roberto Benedicto oversaw sugar. Eduardo Cojuangco emerged as coconut czar.
The 24-percent block was part of a 47-percent slab of “ill-gotten wealth” the Presidential Commission on Good Government sequestered after People Power I. Fudging how coco levy funds were misused has a sordid history.
In August 1998, Ricardo Cardinal Vidal presented to President Joseph Estrada a memo from the Catholic Bishops-Businessmen’s Conference. It said that “abuse of state power” wrung those monies from small, impoverished farmers. The cash should be returned.
People Power II booted out Erap. By then, the levy had breached the P100-billion mark. People have killed for less.
Who are the faceless principals behind 14 holding companies that snapped up 31 percent of SMC shares under martial law? asked Magsaysay Awardee and then PCGG Chair Haydee Yorac. Today, the Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas says the Court’s recent decision strengthened a plunder case it filed against these officials.
Shares owned by 14 companies, bought with the levy, are “owned by government,” Justice Teresita Leonardo de Castro and the Sandiganbayan ruled in May 2004. “[They are] held in trust for all coconut farmers.”
“Coconut levy funds are prima facie public funds,” the Supreme Court unequivocally stated for the first time in “Republic v. Cocofed.” Penned by then Chief Justice Artemio Panganiban, the decision allowed sequestered shares to be voted by the PCGG, “pending the final determination of who were their legal owners.”
Shares purchased with coco levy funds were also, on its face, government-owned, the Court said. Thus, Cojuangco surrendered control of United Coconut Planters Bank to the government.
Coco levies were dipped into for the purchase of SMC shares. Nonetheless, Cojuangco “legally acquired the 20 percent block,” ruled today’s Supreme Court. He pocketed 16.2 million SMC shares, jacking up his stake in the corporation to P37 billion, according to some estimates.
“That’s the joke of the century,” snapped then Justice Conchita Carpio Morales. Cojuangco siphoned coco levy funds but the Court majority turned a blind eye to it. Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno agreed with Morales and wrote a scathing dissent.
Cojuangco’s stake in SMC was “built on the sweat of coconut farmers,” Sereno wrote. By a scheme of “corporate layering and multi-level loan transactions,” he diverted public funds. “Prescription, laches or estoppel will not bar future action to recover unlawfully acquired property by public officials or dummies.”
“When the time comes,” Sereno said, “the opportunity to revisit the ruling of this Court may present itself. [Then] Philippine history may have a chance to be redeemed in part.”
It has been 23 years since Marcos died from lupus in Hawaii at the age of 72. His embalmed corpse has been displayed, a la Mao Zedong’s and Vladimir Lenin’s, in a Batac mausoleum since 1993. A family commitment to President Fidel Ramos that the cadaver would be interred within a week after its return was never kept.
“The evil that men do lives after them.” Over three decades of coco levy litigation saw thousands of small farmers go to their graves clutching worthless coco levy stock certificates. “Did the coco farmers benefit from the levy imposed on them 35 years ago?” Joker Arroyo asked. “Not at all. Zero.”
The Court ruling was unclear over how coconut farmers, could benefit, Arroyo said. “Why did it take such a long, long time? Someone in the past five and present administrations owe the coconut farmers, who grew tired and weary, old and dead, an explanation.”
Accountability requires an explanation. But it also demands restitution.
“I give half of my possessions to the poor,” tax collector Zacchaeus pledged, recalls former Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines president Angel Lagdameo. “And if I cheated anybody out of anything, I will pay back four times the amount.”
PCGG Chairman Andres Bautista thinks the Court’s unanimous vote will free up funds to rehabilitate “the industry and alleviate the plight of farmers.” Establish a multi-agency trust fund by an executive order, Euclides Forbes, the PCA administrator suggests.
President Aquino will step down in 2016. Can he correct decisively an evil that men did, but which still “lives after them”?
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E-mail: juan_mercado77@yahoo.com