Bali and Ifugao: Sustaining traditions in indigenous rice farming

In the picturesque landscapes of Bali, Indonesia, and the Ifugao region of the Philippines, terraced rice fields stand as enduring symbols of indigenous cultures and traditions. Yet, the future of these culturally significant ricescapes is under grave threat. Our local research teams in Bali and Ifugao delved into the challenges confronting rice farming in these regions that reveal a precarious future for indigenous rice cultivation.

Despite numerous challenges, rice farming in Bali and Ifugao stands as a testament to the unwavering spirit of these communities. The adoption of livelihood diversification has breathed fresh life into these fields, offering a lifeline to farmers amidst mounting threats. However, to secure the cultural heritage of these regions and sustain this lifeline, a multi-stakeholder approach is essential. This entails deploying various forms of capital with precision to empower rice farmers and safeguard their traditions.

Social capital, embodied by resilient community networks, serves as the cornerstone of this resilience. These networks empower farmers to adapt and navigate the risks inherent in rice farming through collaboration, knowledge-sharing, and resource pooling.

While social capital plays a pivotal role, a comprehensive strategy calls for the deployment of other forms of capital. Physical capital, encompassing infrastructure and modern equipment, enhances farming efficiency, ensuring higher yields and economic sustainability.

Human capital, nurtured through education and training, equips farmers with the skills and indigenous knowledge needed to navigate environmental and economic shifts. Fostering a new generation of farmers with expertise in adaptation is crucial.

Financial capital, often underestimated, is vital for investing in innovative technologies and practices that mitigate market fluctuations and ensure stable incomes.

Policy interventions are just as crucial. Priorities include stabilizing prices, addressing market inefficiencies, and providing farmers with accurate market and climate information. Exploring innovative mechanisms like rice futures markets can offer a safety net against price volatility, enabling farmers to plan for the future with confidence. However, implementing such markets requires a thorough feasibility assessment.

Effectively addressing these challenges hinges on collaboration and coordination among stakeholders. Governments in Indonesia and the Philippines must play a significant role in ensuring the sustainability of rice farming.

Livelihood diversification has revitalized these regions, offering a path to resilience and sustainability. Understanding this strategy’s nuances and addressing various influencing factors are imperative.

Preserving rice farming extends beyond the fields; it’s about safeguarding the rich cultural heritage and wisdom passed down through generations. A multi-stakeholder approach and deploying various forms of capital are key to securing this legacy, empowering rice farmers, and ensuring a prosperous future for Bali and Ifugao.

Laurence L. Delina,
LLD@ust.hk