The climate crisis is a health crisis
Climate change has disastrous health impacts. As a medical humanitarian organization, Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders (MSF) has been seeing these impacts on the people we treat in over 70 countries around the world.
This year, powerful Tropical Cyclone “Mocha” hit Myanmar and Bangladesh and destroyed not only communities, but also refugee camps. In years past, we have seen strong typhoons such as Supertyphoon “Yolanda” (international name: Haiyan) in 2013, which laid waste to Tacloban in central Philippines, and caused widespread flooding in Indonesia that submerged homes and destroyed properties.
But it is not just cyclones and supertyphoons that are proving disastrous to many parts of the world. July 2023 was recorded as the planet’s hottest month in 174 years, resulting in Canadian wildfires, major heatwaves in France, Spain, Germany, Poland, and Italy, and marine heatwaves along coastlines from Florida to Australia. In short, these weather events are happening all over the globe with greater frequency and impact.
While these are the most obvious, climate change has other impacts on health, particularly on disease. MSF is responding to high levels of vector-borne, food-borne, and water-borne diseases in our projects, a worrying prospect as these are seen to increase as the climate crisis accelerates. It is predicted that there will be 15 million more cases of malaria yearly, with 30,000 deaths linked to it in addition to what we are already seeing now. One billion more people are expected to be exposed to dengue across the world. European Union officials recently warned that there is a growing risk of mosquito-borne viral diseases such as dengue and chikungunya in Europe due to climate change.
We have seen cholera outbreaks in at least 30 countries. While this is due to multiple factors, climate change is most definitely one of them. Climate change is also linked to food insecurity and malnutrition. With extreme weather events such as heatwaves and increased rainfall come droughts and floods that impact farming and fishing communities, affecting everything from the yield of crops, to the animals that till the soil, and the number of fish caught in the ocean. It does not end there. Other impacts of climate change include the spread of noncommunicable diseases, forced displacement and migration, and the emergence of conflicts, among others.
All of these are expected to intensify over time—unless we take urgent action. But we can only do so much. We are seeing huge needs everywhere we go, from Asia Pacific to the Middle East, and the African nations. Countries with limited resources are enduring the worst of the devastation brought about by the climate crisis. Our Rohingya patients in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh—who have endured decades of persecution and are confined in refugee camps—are repeatedly threatened by floods and cyclones that come their way. Our patients in the island nation of Kiribati face climate and environmental changes that threaten their livelihood and exacerbate their disease risks.
We have been sounding the alarm. We see these huge needs brought about by the climate crisis, and fear that these needs are outstripping our capacity to respond. We need the countries most responsible for this global warming of 1.2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels to help those who are most affected, to take responsibility, and to provide financial and technical support to those most vulnerable. Governments of the most affected countries, including in Asia Pacific, must not only compel the top polluters to help them mitigate and manage the impacts of climate change, but must also put in place policies and affirmative climate actions in addressing and reversing the impact of these issues.
Already we are seeing commitments from world leaders. At their recent meeting, Group of 20 nations have committed to a greener and more climate-resilient health system. Asean—which has five of the 20 most at-risk countries located in the region—has announced an ambitious strategy to work toward carbon neutrality. The COP28 agenda in November has an increased focus on health, relief, and disaster response.
This is an important and critically urgent moment. These commitments are ambitious, but member states of these regional blocs must see them through and take real action. Today, we are dangerously off track and must take urgent action now. The climate crisis requires a whole-of-society approach. People and organizations must also understand that our behavior is a part of the problem. We need to respond together, in solidarity with all, for the health of all. The Jakarta Post/Asia News Network
Maria Guevara is international medical secretary for Doctors Without Borders.
The Philippine Daily Inquirer is a member of the Asia News Network, an alliance of 22 media titles in the region.
